Polymer modulators in silicon photonics: review and projections

Abstract Optical modulators are vital for many applications, including telecommunication, data communication, optical computing, and microwave photonic links. A compact modulator with low voltage drive requirement, power, high speed, compatibility CMOS foundry process is highly desirable. Current technologies in Si suffer from trade-offs that constrain their performance (speed, voltage), area. The introduction of additional materials to the silicon platform efficient phase shift promises alternatives relax those trade-offs. Si-organic-hybrid (SOH) devices demonstrate large modulation bandwidth leveraging electro-optic (EO) effect smaller or footprint owing a strong EO coefficient. In this study, we review various SOH describe path towards integration silicon, challenges associated aging temperature. We also briefly discuss other high-performance such as plasmonic-organic-hybrid (POH), photonic-crystal-assisted SOH, LiNbO 3 .